Government refers to the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a state. It encompasses the institutions, structures, and processes through which authority is exercised, laws are made, and public policies are implemented. Governments can vary significantly in terms of their structure, function, and methods of operation; they can be democratic, autocratic, monarchic, or a combination of these forms.
The fundamental purposes of government include maintaining order, providing public services, protecting individual liberties, and promoting the general welfare of the society. Governments make decisions on economic regulation, justice, defense, and environmental protection. They operate through various branches, typically including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, each with distinct roles and powers intended to check and balance each other.
Governments are established through constitutions, legal frameworks, or unwritten traditions and are often influenced by cultural, historical, and social factors. The legitimacy and authority of a government can derive from the consent of the governed, often expressed through elections and political participation.